Browse by Aston Author

2017

Armstrong, Richard A. (2017). A study of fragmentation rates in lichen populations on rock surfaces using the Kaplan-Meir estimator and Cox regression. Annales Botanici Fennici, 54 (1-3), pp. 169-178.

2016

Rushton, Rebecca M.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Dunne, Mark C.M. (2016). The influence on unaided vision of age, pupil diameter and spherocylindrical refractive error. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 99 (4), pp. 328-335.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2016). Lichenometric dating (lichenometry) and the biology of the lichen genus rhizocarpon:challenges and future directions. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Early ,

Armstrong, Richard A. (2016). Can neurodegenerative disease be defined by four 'primary determinants':anatomy, cells, molecules, and morphology? Folia Neuropathologica, 54 (2), pp. 89-104.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2016). Structure and function of the entorhinal cortex with special reference to neurodegenerative disease. IN: Horizons in neurological research. Costa, Andres and Villalba, Eugenio (eds) Horizons in Neuroscience Research . Hauppage, NJ (US): Nova science.

2015

Armstrong, Richard A. (2015). Oligodendrocyte pathology in neurodegenerative disease. IN: Oligodendrocytes. Swanson, Dana (ed.) Neuroscience research progress . Hauppauge, NY (US): Nova science.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2015). Laminar distribution of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide deposits in the frontal lobe in familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 53 (1), pp. 15-23.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2015). Comparative quantitative study of ‘signature’ pathological lesions in the hippocampus and adjacent gyri of 12 neurodegenerative disorders. Journal of Neural Transmission, 122 (10), pp. 1355-1367.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2015). Lichen growth and lichenometry. IN: Recent advances in lichenology. Upreti, Dalip Kumar; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Shukla, Vertika and Bajpal, Rajesh (eds) New Delhi (IN): Springer.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Mousavi, Maryam (2015). Overview of risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). IN: Age-related macular degeneration. Carter, Melanie (ed.) Eye and vision research developments . Nova science.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Mousavi, Maryam (2015). Overview of risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Journal of Stem Cells, 10 (3), pp. 171-191.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2015). Quantification of white matter abnormalities in neurodegenerative disease. IN: Horizons in neuroscience research. Costa, Andres and Villalba, Eugenio (eds) Horizons in Neuroscience Research . Hauppauge, New York: Nova science.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2015). Spatial patterns of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the tauopathies: A comparative study of five disorders. IN: Horizons in nuroscience research. Costa, Andres and Villalba, Eugenio (eds) Horizons in Neuroscience Research . Hauppauge, New York: Nova science.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2015). A comparison of spatial patterns of TDP-43 cellular inclusions in familial and sporadic frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 proteinopathy. International Journal of Medical and Biological Frontiers, 21 (1),

Armstrong, Richard A. (2015). The influence of environmental factors on the growth of lichens in the field. IN: Recent advances in lichenology. Upreti, Dalip Kumar; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Shukla, Vertika and Bajpal, Rajesh (eds) New Delhi (IN): Springer.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2015). The use of the lichen genus Rhizocarpon in lichenometric dating with special reference to Holocene glacial events. IN: Advances in environmental research. Daniels, Justin A. (ed.) Advances in environmental research . Hauppauge, NY (US): Nova science.

2014

Armstrong, Richard A. (2014). Visual signs and symptoms of multiple system atrophy. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 97 (6), pp. 483-491.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2014). Within-site variation in lichen growth rates and its implications for direct lichenometry. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, 96 (2), pp. 217-226.

Robaszkiewicz, Agnieszka; Bartosz, Grzegorz; Pitt, Andrew R.; Thakker, Alpesh; Armstrong, Richard A.; Spickett, Corinne M. and Soszyński, Mirosław (2014). HOCl-modified phosphatidylcholines induce apoptosis and redox imbalance in HUVEC-ST cells. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 548 , pp. 1-10.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2014). A critical analysis of the 'amyloid cascade hypothesis'. Folia Neuropathologica, 52 (3), pp. 211-225.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Kotzbauer, Paul T.; Perlmutter, Joel S.; Campbell, Meghan C.; Hurth, Kyle M.; Schmidt, Robert E. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2014). A quantitative study of α-synuclein pathology in fifteen cases of dementia associated with Parkinson disease. Journal of Neural Transmission, 121 (2), pp. 171-181.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2014). Variations in dentate gyrus pathology in neurodegenerative disease. International Journal of Medical and Biological Frontiers, 20 (3),

2013

Armstrong, Richard A. (2013). A quantitative study of abnormally enlarged neurons in cognitively normal brain and neurodegenerative disease. Clinical Neuropathology, 32 (2), pp. 128-133.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2013). Statistical guidelines for the analysis of data obtained from one or both eyes. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 33 (1), pp. 7-14.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2013). Spatial patterns of the tau pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurological Sciences, 34 (3), pp. 337-344.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2013). Spatial relationships between diffuse prion protein deposits and neuronal perikarya in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 51 (1), pp. 18-25.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2013). What causes alzheimer's disease? Folia Neuropathologica, 51 (3), pp. 169-188.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2013). A quantitative study of the pathological changes in the cortical white matter in variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (vCJD). IN: Neuroscience researcher biographical sketches and research summaries. Chernyovskaya, Abram A. and Klossovsky, Graviil F. (eds) Neuroscience research progress . Hauppage, NY (US): Nova science.

2012

Armstrong, Richard A. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2012). Different molecular pathologies result in similar spatial patterns of cellular inclusions in neurodegenerative disease:a comparative study of eight disorders. Journal of Neural Transmission, 119 (12), pp. 1551-1560.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2012). Visual signs and symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 95 (6), pp. 621-630.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2012). β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in cognitively normal brain, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Alzheimer's disease:a study using principal components analysis. Folia Neuropathologica, 50 (2), pp. 130-139.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2012). The biology of the lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum: symbionts, growth, ecology, and lichenometry. IN: Advances in Medicine and Biology. Berhardt, Leon V. (ed.) Advances in Medicine and Biology, 24 . Nova science.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Carter, D. and Cairns, N.J. (2012). A quantitative study of the neuropathology of 32 sporadic and familial cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 proteinopathy (FTLD-TDP). Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 38 (1), pp. 25-38.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2012). On the 'classification' of neurodegenerative disorders:discrete entities, overlap or continuum? Folia Neuropathologica, 50 (3), pp. 201-218.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2012). Size frequency distributions of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits:a comparative study of four neurodegenerative disorders. Folia Neuropathologica, 50 (3), pp. 240-249.

2011

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). Statnote 27: Principal components analysis (PCA). Microbiologist, 12 , pp. 37-39.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). Visual aspects of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Optometry Today, 51 (20), pp. 45-49.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). Non-normally distributed data and non-parametric statistics. Optometry Today, 51 (16), p. 26.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). Statnote 25: Stepwise multiple regression. Microbiologist, 12 , pp. 40-43.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). Visual signs and symptoms of Multiple System Atrophy. Optometry Today, 51 (6), pp. 50-54.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). General features of Multiple System Atrophy. Optometry Today, 51 (5), pp. 40-43.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). The neuropathology of the occipital cortex and its significance in the visual problems of patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). IN: Horizons in neuroscience research. Costa, Andres and Villalba, Eugenio (eds) Horizons in Neuroscience Research . Nova science.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). The spatial patterns of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease. IN: Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and treatments. Boyd, Marisa R. (ed.) Neurology - Laboratory and Clinical Research Developments . Nova science.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Davies, Leon N.; Dunne, Mark C.M. and Gilmartin, Bernard (2011). Statistical guidelines for clinical studies of human vision. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 31 (2), pp. 123-136.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). Statnote 24: Multiple regression. Microbiologist, 12 , pp. 40-43.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). Visual signs and symptoms of progressive supranuclear palsy. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 94 (2), pp. 150-60.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2011). A morphometric study of the spatial patterns of TDP-43 immunoreactive neuronal inclusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with progranulin (GRN) mutation. Histology and Histopathology, 26 (2), pp. 185-190.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Gearing, Marla; Bigio, Eileen H.; Cruz-Sanchez, Felix F.; Duyckaerts, Charles; Mackenzie, Ian R.A.; Perry, Robert H.; Skullerud, Kari; Yokoo, Hedeaki and Cairns, Nigel J. (2011). The spectrum and severity of FUS-immunoreactive inclusions in the frontal and temporal lobes of ten cases of neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease. Acta Neuropathologica, 121 (2), pp. 219-228.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Bradwell, Tom (2011). Growth of foliose lichens: a review. Symbiosis, 53 (1), pp. 1-16.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). Visual symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's Disease, 2011 , 9 pages.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: a reevaluation of the "amyloid cascade hypothesis". International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2011 ,

2010

Armstrong, Richard A. and Hilton, Anthony (2010). Statistical analysis in microbiology:statnotes. Wiley.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2010). A quantitative study of the pathological changes in the cortical white matter in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Clinical Neuropathology, 29 (6), pp. 390-396.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2010). Lobe formation and division in the foliose lichen Xanthoparmelia conspersa. Symbiosis, 51 (3), pp. 227-232.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2010). Visual signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Optometry Today ,

Armstrong, Richard A. and Bradwell, Tom (2010). Growth of crustose lichens: a review. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, 92 (1), pp. 3-17.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Eperjesi, Frank (2010). Data methods in optometry. Part 10: non-linear regression analysis. Optometry Today, 2010 (March), pp. 41-45.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Bradwell, Tom (2010). The use of lichen growth rings in lichenometry: some preliminary findings. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, 92 (1), pp. 141-147.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2010). A spatial pattern analysis of beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposition in the temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 48 (2), pp. 67-74.

2009

Armstrong, Richard A. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2009). Size frequency distribution of the β-amyloid (aβ) deposits in dementia with Lewy bodies with associated Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Neurological Sciences, 30 (6), pp. 471-477.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2009). Statnote 19: non-linear regression: fitting an exponential curve to data. Microbiologist, 2009 , pp. 44-45.

Hurrell, Edward; Kucerova, Eva; Loughlin, Michael; Caubilla-Barron, Juncal; Hilton, Anthony C.; Armstrong, Richard A.; Smith, Craig; Grant, Judith; Shoo, Shiu and Forsythe, Stephen (2009). Neonatal enteral feeding tubes as loci for colonisation by members of the Enterobacteriaceae. BMC Infectious Diseases, 9 (146),

Armstrong, Richard A. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2009). Clustering and spatial correlations of the neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, astrocytic plaques and ballooned neurons in corticobasal degeneration. Journal of Neural Transmission, 116 (9), pp. 1103-1110.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2009). Statnote 18: comparison of regression lines. Microbiologist, 2009 , pp. 40-41.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2009). Relationship between the microcirculation and the pathological changes in the spradic and variant forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD). IN: Microcirculation: Function, Malfunction and Measurement. Thompson, Ralph (ed.) New York (US): Nova science.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2009). Statnote 16: fitting a regression line to data. Microbiologist, 2009 , pp. 40-42.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Ironside, J.W.; Lantos, Peter L. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2009). A quantitative study of the pathological changes in the cerebellum in 15 cases of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD). Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 35 (1), pp. 36-45.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Eperjesi, Frank (2009). Data methods in optometry Part 9: experimental design and analysis of variance. Optometry Today, 2009 (Januar), pp. 48-52.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2009). Alzheimer’s disease and the eye. Journal of Optometry, 2 (3), pp. 102-111.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2009). Monthly fluctuations in radial growth of individual lobes of the lichen Parmelia conspersa (Erhr. ex Ach.) Ach. Symbiosis, 47 (1), pp. 9-15.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2009). Pathological changes in the sporadic and variant forms Of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) are spatially related to blood vessels. Brain Research Journal, 2 (3), pp. 149-162.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2009). Spatial correlations between the vacuolation, prion protein (PrP sc) deposits and the cerebral blood vessels in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Current Neurovascular Research, 6 (4), pp. 239-245.

2008

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2008). Statnote 14: the correlation of two variables (Pearson's 'r'). Microbiologist, 2008 , pp. 34-36.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Lantos, Peter L. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2008). What determines the molecular composition of abnormal protein aggregates in neurodegenerative disease? Neuropathology, 28 (4), pp. 351-65.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2008). Lichen competition: two-dimensional warfare in slow motion. Microbiologist, 2008 , pp. 27-31.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2008). Statnote 13: a more complex analysis of variance incorporating a 'repeated measures' factor. Microbiologist, 2008 , pp. 37-39.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Eperjesi, Frank (2008). Data analysis methods in optometry Part 8: Principal components analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA). Optometry Today, 2008 (March), pp. 40-44.

Gherghel, Doina; Hosking, Sarah L.; Cunliffe, Ian A. and Armstrong, Richard A. (2008). First-line therapy with latanoprost 0.005% results in improved ocular circulation in newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma patients: a prospective, 6-month, open-label study. Eye, 22 (3), pp. 363-369.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2008). Statnote 12: the split-plot analysis of variance. Microbiologist, 2008 , pp. 38-39.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2008). Visual signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 91 (2), pp. 129-38.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Syed, Anila B. and Smith, C.U.M. (2008). Density and cross-sectional areas of axons in the olfactory tract in control subjects and Alzheimer's disease:an image analysis study. Neurological Sciences, 29 (1), pp. 23-27.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2008). Clustering and periodicity of neurofibrillary tangles in the upper and lower cortical laminae in Alzheimer's disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 46 (1), pp. 26-31.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2008). Spatial correlations between beta-amyloid (A beta) deposits and blood vessels in familial Alzheimer's disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 46 (4), pp. 241-248.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2008). The spatial patterns of beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's Disease Research Journal, 1 (4), pp. 267-278.

2007

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2007). Statnote 11: the two-factor analysis of variance. Microbiologist, 2007 , pp. 40-42.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2007). Modelling the growth of prion protein aggregates in the brain in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. IN: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: New Research. Stones, Mic J. (ed.) New York (US): Nova Biomedical Press.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2007). Pathological changes in the primary visual cortex (Area V1) in Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome. IN: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: New Research. Stones, Mic J. (ed.) Nova Biomedical Press.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2007). Statnote 10: the two-way analysis of variance. Microbiologist, 2007 , pp. 41-42.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J. and Lantos, Peter L. (2007). A quantitative study of the pathological changes in white matter in multiple system atrophy. Neuropathology, 27 (3), pp. 221-227.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Welch, A.R. (2007). Competition in lichen communities. Symbiosis, 43 (1), pp. 1-12.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2007). Spatial patterns of the pathological changes in neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID):an α-internexin immunohistochemical study. Journal of Neural Transmission, 114 (4), pp. 451-456.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2007). Statnote 8: statistical power and sample size. Microbiologist, 2007 , pp. 38-40.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2007). Size frequency distributions of abnormal protein deposits in Alzheimer’s disease and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 45 (3), pp. 108-114.

2006

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2006). Statnote 7: chi-square contingency tables. Microbiologist, 2006 , pp. 36-37.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2006). Classic beta-amyloid deposits cluster around large diameter blood vessels rather than capillaries in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Current Neurovascular Research, 3 (4), pp. 289-294.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2006). Modelling growth of prion protein aggregates in the brain in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. IN: Prions: New Research. Doupher, Bridgette V. (ed.) Nova science.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J. and Lantos, Peter L. (2006). Multiple system atrophy (MSA): Topographic distribution of the alpha-synuclein-associated pathological changes. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 12 (6), pp. 356-362.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Eperjesi, Frank (2006). Data methods in optometry. Part 6: fitting a regression line to data. Optometry Today, 2006 (June), pp. 48-51.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J. and Ironside, J.W. (2006). Size frequency distributions of the florid prion protein aggregates in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease follow a power-law function. Neurological Sciences, 27 (2), pp. 104-109.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2006). Topography of α-internexin-positive neuronal aggregates in 10 patients with neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease. European Journal of Neurology, 13 (5), pp. 528-532.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2006). Laminar distribution of β-amyloid deposits in dementia with Lewy bodies and in Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and other Dementias, 21 (3), pp. 175-181.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2006). Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and vision. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 89 (1), pp. 3-9.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2006). Measuring the spatial arrangement patterns of pathological lesions in histological sections of brain tissue. Folia Neuropathologica, 44 (4), pp. 229-237.

2005

Cairns, Nigel J. and Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Spatial patterns of the pathological changes in the temporal lobe of patients with neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease. Neuropathology, 25 (4), pp. 298-303.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Statnote 3: testing the difference between two groups. Microbiologist, 2005 , pp. 30-32.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Radial growth of Rhizocarpon section Rhizocarpon lichen thalli over six years at snoqualmie pass in the Cascade Range, Washington State. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine research, 37 (4), pp. 411-415.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J.; Ironside, J.W. and Lantos, Peter L. (2005). Size frequency distribution of prion protein (PrP) aggregates in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Journal of Neural Transmission, 112 (11), pp. 1565-1573.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Statnote 2: describing the normal. Microbiologist, 2005 , pp. 30-33.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Ocular and ophthalmic features of Alzheimer's disease. Indian Optician , pp. 108-114.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Lantos, Peter L. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2005). Overlap between neurodegenerative disorders. Neuropathology, 25 (2), pp. 111-124.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Statnote 1: is the data normal? Microbiologist, 2005 , pp. 34-35.

Cairns, Nigel J. and Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Spatial correlations between the neuronal inclusions, swollen achromatic neurons, and glial cells in neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID). Journal of Neural Transmission, 112 (4), pp. 473-480.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Eperjesi, Frank and Gilmartin, Bernard (2005). The use of correlation and regression methods in optometry. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 88 (2), pp. 81-88.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Eperjesi, Frank (2005). Data analysis methods in optometry. Part 5: correlation. Optometry Today, 2005 (Februa), pp. 34-37.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Is there a spatial association between senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease? Folia Neuropathologica, 43 (3), pp. 133-138.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Lantos, Peter L. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2005). Multiple system atrophy:laminar distribution of the pathological changes in frontal and temporal neocortex - a study in ten patients. Clinical Neuropathology, 24 (5), pp. 230-235.

Wevill, M.; Hanratty, M. and Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Predicting changes in measured introcular pressure with non-contact tonometry after LASIK. IN: European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. 2005-02-04 - 2005-02-06. (Unpublished)

Syed, Anila B.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, Christopher U.M. (2005). A quantitative analysis of optic nerve axons in elderly control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 43 (1), pp. 1-6.

2004

Armstrong, Richard A. (2004). AMD and smoking: an update. Optometry Today, 2004 (Decemb), pp. 44-46.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2004). Genetics and the eye. IN: Paediatric Optometry. Harvey, William H. and Gilmartin, Bernard (eds) Butterworth-Heinemann.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2004). Paediatric eye disorders:genetics. IN: Paediatric optometry. Harvey, William H. and Gilmartin, Bernard (eds) Butterworth-Heinemann.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Eperjesi, Frank (2004). Data analysis methods in optometry Part 4: an introduction to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Optometry Today, 2004 (March), pp. 33-36.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Lantos, Peter L. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2004). Spatial patterns of asynuclein positive glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy. Movement Disorders, 19 (1), pp. 109-112.

Cairns, N.J.; Jaros, E.; Perry, R.H. and Armstrong, Richard A. (2004). Laminar distribution of neurofilament inclusions and swollen achromatic neurons in neurofilament inclusion disease (NID). Neuroscience Research Communications, 34 (2), pp. 104-111.

2003

Armstrong, Richard A.; Lantos, Peter L.; Ironside, J.W. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2003). Spatial correlations between the vacuolation, prion protein deposition and surviving neurons in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). Journal of Neural Transmission, 110 (11), pp. 1303-1311.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, Stephen N. (2003). The genetics of glaucoma. Indian Optician , pp. 96-102.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Lantos, Peter L.; Ironside, J.W. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2003). Differences in the density and spatial distribution of florid and diffuse plaques in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Clinical Neuropathology, 22 (5), pp. 209-214.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Lantos, Peter L. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2003). A quantitative study of the pathological changes in cortical neurons in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neuropathology, 23 (3), pp. 181-187.

Cairns, Nigel J. and Armstrong, Richard A. (2003). Clustering of neuronal inclusions in "dementia with neurofilament inclusions". Acta Neuropathologica, 106 (2), pp. 125-128.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2003). Bug-eyed; eye infections caused by bacteria. Microbiologist, 2003 , pp. 26-30.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2003). Is smoking a risk factor for AMD? Optometry Today, 2003 (Februa), pp. 42-45.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2003). The Human Genome Project: its relevance to ocular disease. Optometry Today, 2003 (Februa), pp. 39-43.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J.; Ironside, J.W. and Lantos, Peter L. (2003). Florid prion protein (PrP) plaques in patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) are spatially related to blood vessels. Neuroscience Research Communications, 32 (1), pp. 29-36.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2003). Dementia with Lewy bodies: a 'new' type of dementia with visual symptoms. Optometry Today, 2003 (Januar), pp. 39-41.

2002

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, N.; Ironside, J. and Lantos, P. (2002). The spatial patterns of prion protein deposits in cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Acta Neuropathologica, 104 (6), pp. 665-669.

Smith, Stephen N.; Armstrong, Richard A.; Bird, Roger A.; Chohan, Rita; Hartell, Nick A. and Poyner, David A. (2002). Characterization of FITC-conjugated lectin binding to Candida albicans. Mycologia, 93 (3), pp. 422-431.

Gardiner, A.M.; Armstrong, Richard A.; Dunne, Mark C.M. and Murray, P.I. (2002). Correlation between visual function and visual ability in patients with uveitis. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 86 (9), pp. 993-996.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2002). The effect of rock surface aspect on growth, size structure and competition in the lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 48 (2), pp. 187-194.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J.; Ironside, J.W. and Lantos, Peter L. (2002). Quantitative variations in the pathology of 11 cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Pathophysiology, 8 (4), pp. 235-241.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Eperjesi, Frank (2002). Data analysis methods in optometry Part 3: the analysis of frequencies and proportions. Optometry Today, 2001 (May), pp. 34-37.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Eperjesi, Frank and Gilmartin, Bernard (2002). The application of analysis of variance (ANOVA) to different experimental designs in optometry. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 22 (3), pp. 248-256.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2002). Gene therapy and ocular disease. Optician, 223 (Apr 12), pp. 26-31.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J.; Ironside, J.W. and Lantos, Peter L. (2002). The spatial pattern of the vacuolation ('spongiform change') in the cerebral cortex in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Neuroscience Research Communications, 30 (1), pp. 43-50.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2002). Laminar distribution of amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposits in dementia with Lewy bodies: comparison with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Reports, 5 , pp. 7-12.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J.; Ironside, J.W. and Lantos, Peter L. (2002). Laminar distribution of the pathological changes in the cerebral cortex in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Folia Neuropathologica, 40 (4), pp. 165-171.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2002). Measuring the degree of spatial correlation between pathological lesions in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Reports, 5 , pp. 45-54.

2001

Armstrong, Richard A.; Lantos, Peter L. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2001). Quantification of the pathological changes with laminar depth in the cortex in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Pathophysiology, 8 (2), pp. 99-104.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Lantos, Peter L. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2001). Spatial correlations between the vacuolation, prion protein deposits, and surviving neurons in the cerebral cortex in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neuropathology, 21 (4), pp. 266-271.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2001). Genetics of ocular disease Part 3: Patterns of inheritance of ocular disease. Optician, 222 (Sep 21), pp. 18-26.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2001). Ulcerative keratitis caused by Acanthamoeba. Optometry Today, 2001 (Septem), pp. 36-38.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2001). Genetics of ocular disease Part 2: Basic concepts: DNA, proteins and genes. Optician, 222 (Aug 17), pp. 16-22.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Lantos, Peter L. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2001). The spatial patterns of pathological brain lesions in 12 patients with corticobasal degeneration. Pathophysiology, 8 (1), pp. 47-53.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2001). Genetics of ocular disease Part 1: Basic concepts: cells, chromosomes and inheritance. Optician, 222 (Jul 20), pp. 22-27.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J. and Lantos, Peter L. (2001). What does the study of the spatial patterns of pathological lesions tell us about the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders? Neuropathology, 21 (1), pp. 1-12.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Eperjesi, Frank (2001). Data analysis methods in optometry: is there a difference between two samples? Part 2. Optometry Today, 2001 (Januar), pp. 27-31.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Lantos, P.L. and Cairns, N.J. (2001). The spatial patterns of prion protein deposits in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease:Comparison with β-amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience Letters, 298 (1), pp. 53-56.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2001). Analysis of population dispersion in histological sections. Microscopy and Analysis, 86 , pp. 13-15.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2001). Size frequency distribution of beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposits in dementia with Lewy bodies. Alzheimers Reports, 4 , pp. 167-172.

2000

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J. and Lantos, Peter L. (2000). Clustering of Pick bodies in the dentate gyrus in Pick's disease. Neuropathology, 20 (3), pp. 170-175.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J. and Lantos, Peter L. (2000). Beta-amyloid deposition in the temporal lobe of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies:Comparison with non-demented cases and Alzheimer's disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 11 (4), pp. 187-192.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Eperjesi, Frank (2000). The use of data analysis methods: basic concepts for optometrists. Optometry Today, 2000 (June), pp. 36-40.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J. and Lantos, Peter L. (2000). A quantitative study of the pathological lesions in the neocortex and hippocampus of twelve patients with corticobasal degeneration. Experimental Neurology, 163 (2), pp. 348-356.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2000). Analysis of spatial patterns in histological sections of brain tissue using a method based on regression. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 95 (1), pp. 39-45.

Syed, Anila B.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Christopher, U. (2000). Quantification of axonal loss in Alzheimer's disease:An image analysis study. Alzheimers Reports, 3 (1), pp. 19-24.

Syed, A.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, C. (2000). Quantification of axonal loss in Alzheimer’s disease: an image analysis study. Alzheimers Reports, 3 (1), pp. 19-24.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2000). The spatial patterns of beta-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Reports, 3 (3), pp. 133-141.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2000). The visual complications of Parkinson's disease. British Journal of Optometry and Dispensing, 8 (3), pp. 86-90.

1999

Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, Stephen A. (1999). Retinitis pigmentosa and the new genetics. Optometry Today, 1999 (Decemb), pp. 26-32.

Smith, S.N.; Armstrong, Richard A.; Barker, M.; Bird, R.A.; Chohan, R.; Hartell, N.A. and Whipps, J.M. (1999). Determination of Coniothyrium minitans conidial and germling lectin avidity by flow cytometry and digital microscopy. Mycological Research, 103 (12), pp. 1533-1539.

Livesley, M.A.; Smith, S.N.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Barker, G.A. (1999). Characterisation of Aeromonas strains and species by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and principal components analysis. Journal of Fish Diseases, 22 (5), pp. 369-375.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J. and Lantos, Peter L. (1999). Clustering of cerebral cortical lesions in patients with corticobasal degeneration. Neuroscience Letters, 268 (1), pp. 5-8.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1999). Ocular disease and the new genetics. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 19 (3), pp. 193-195.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J. and Lantos, Peter L. (1999). Quantification of pathological lesions in the frontal and temporal lobe of ten patients diagnosed with Pick's disease. Acta Neuropathologica, 97 (5), pp. 456-462.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, S.N. (1999). Retinoblastoma and the new genetics. Optometry Today, 1999 (March), pp. 43-47.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1999). Do β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome grow according to the log-normal model? Neuroscience Letters, 261 (1-2), pp. 97-100.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1999). Degeneration of cortical neurons associated with diffuse beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposits in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience Research Communications, 24 (2), pp. 89-97.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1999). Multiple sclerosis and the eye. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 19 (S2), S32-S42.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1999). Visual signs and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. British Journal of Optometry and Dispensing, 7 (4), pp. 135-139.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1999). The spatial patterns of Pick bodies, Pick cells and Alzheimer’s disease pathology in Pick’s disease. Neuropathology, 19 , pp. 64-70.

1998

Armstrong, Richard A. (1998). The spatial pattern of beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposits in Alzheimer’s disease patients is related to apolipoprotein genotype. Neuroscience Research Communications, 22 (2), pp. 90-106.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1998). Free radicals, ocidative stress and cataract. Optometry Today, 1998 (Novemb), pp. 34-37.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1998). A comparison of histological and immunohistochemical methods for quantifying the pathological lesions of Pick's disease. Neuropathology, 18 (3), pp. 295-300.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1998). β-amyloid plaques:Stages in life history or independent origin? Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 9 (4), pp. 227-238.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, S.N. (1998). Does radial growth of the lichen Parmelia conspersa depend exclusively on growth processes at the lobe tip? Environmental and Experimental Botany, 39 (3), pp. 263-269.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J. and Lantos, Peter L. (1998). The spatial patterns of beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposits in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer's Research, 4 (1), pp. 5-10.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1998). Viruses and the eye. Optometry Today, 1998 (April), pp. 35-39.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J. and Lantos, Peter L. (1998). The spatial patterns of Lewy bodies, senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles in dementia with Lewy bodies. Experimental Neurology, 150 (1), pp. 122-127.

Smith, S.N.; Chohan, R.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Whipps, J.M. (1998). Hydrophobicity and surface electrostatic charge of conidia of the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans. Mycological Research, 102 (2), pp. 243-249.

Hazel, Charlotte A.; Armstrong, Richard A.; Latham, K. and Benson, Mark T. (1998). The correlation between tests of visual function and perceived visual ability in central field loss patients. IN: Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. 1998-05-10 - 1998-05-15. (Submitted)

1997

Armstrong, Richard A. (1997). Are metal ions accumulated by saxicolous lichens growing in a rural environment? Environmental and Experimental Botany, 38 (1), pp. 73-79.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J. and Lantos, Peter L. (1997). β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the medial temporal lobe of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. Neuroscience Letters, 227 (3), pp. 193-196.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Smith, Stephen N. and Titcomb, L.C. (1997). Fungi and the eye. Optometry Today, 1997 (May), pp. 32-35.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1997). Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and vision. Optometry Today, 1997 (April), pp. 44-47.

Winsper, Sarah J.; Armstrong, Richard A.; Hodgkins, Paul S. and Blair, John A. (1997). Gallium-transferrin binding in treated and untreated Parkinson's disease. NeuroReport, 8 (3), pp. 709-711.

1996

Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, S.N. (1996). Factors determining the growth curve of the foliose lichen Parmelia conspersa. New Phytologist, 134 (3), pp. 517-522.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1996). Visual field defects in Alzheimer's disease patients may reflect differential pathology in the primary visual cortex. Optometry and Vision Science, 73 (11), pp. 677-682.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, S.N. (1996). Do the lichens Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale and Rhizocarpon Ram. Em. Th. Fr. subgenus Rhizocarpon utilise exogenous carbohydrates for radial growth? Environmental and Experimental Botany, 36 (1), pp. 13-20.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J.; Patel, R.; Lantos, Peter L. and Rossor, M.N. (1996). Relationships between beta-amyloid (A beta) deposits and blood vessels in patients with sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience Letters, 207 (3), pp. 171-174.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1996). The human immune system: Part 2. Indian Optician , pp. 30-32.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J.; Myers, D.; Smith, C.U.M.; Lantos, Peter L. and Rossor, M.N. (1996). A comparison of beta-amyloid deposition in the medial temporal lobe in sporadic Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome and normal elderly brains. Experimental Neurology, 5 (1), pp. 35-41.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, S.N. (1996). Experimental studies of hypothallus growth in the lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum. New Phytologist, 132 (1), pp. 123-126.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Syed, A.B. (1996). Alzheimer's disease and the eye. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 16 (S1), S2-S8.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1996). Are neuritic plaques in Alzheimer’s disease related to neurofibrillary tangles? Alzheimer's Research, 2 , pp. 69-71.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1996). Is beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposition in the frontal cortex of patients with Alzheimer’s disease related to blood vessels? Alzheimer's Research, 2 , pp. 47-50.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Wood, L. (1996). Spatial pattern analysis of beta-amyloid (A beta) deposits in Alzheimer disease by linear regression. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 10 (1), pp. 40-45.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1996). Spatial pattern analysis of beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposits in Alzheimer's disease by linear regression. Parkinson/Alzheimer Digest, 5 , pp. 24-25.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1996). The spatial pattern of discrete beta-amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease reflects synaptic disconnection. Parkinson/Alzheimer Digest, 5 , pp. 31-32.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Wood, L.; Myers, D. and Smith, C.U.M. (1996). The use of multivariate methods in the identification of subtypes of Alzheimer's disease: a comparison of principal components and cluster analysis. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 7 (4), pp. 215-220.

1995

Armstrong, Richard A. (1995). Factors determining the morphology of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in Down's syndrome. Experimental Neurology, 4 (2), pp. 179-186.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1995). A comparison of βamyloid (aβ deposition in the medial temporal lobe in late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease, and down's syndrome. Amyloid, 2 (2), pp. 107-113.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1995). Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the eye. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 15 (S2), S42-S48.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1995). Beta-amyloid deposition in the medial temporal lobe in elderly non-demented brains and in Alzheimer's disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 6 (3), pp. 121-125.

Blair, J.A.; Winsper, S.J.; Cattell, R.J. and Armstrong, Richard A. (1995). The levels of neopterin, biopterin and the neopterin/biopterin ratio in urine from control subjects and patients with Alzheimer’s disease and Down’s syndrome. Pteridines, 6 , pp. 185-189.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1995). The spatial patterns of beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposits in elderly non-demented patients and patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience Research Communications, 16 (3), pp. 137-144.

1994

Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, C.U.M. (1994). Beta-amyloid (beta/A4) deposition in the medial temporal lobe in Down's syndrome: effects of brain region and patient age. Neurobiology of Disease, 1 (3), pp. 139-144.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1994). The human immune system: Part 1. Optometry Today, 1994 (Octobe), pp. 22-25.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1994). β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposition in elderly non-demented patients and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience Letters, 178 (1), pp. 59-62.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1994). Parkinson's disease Part 2: visual aspects. Optometry Today, 1994 (June), pp. 36-38.

Smith, S.N.; Chohan, R.; Howitt, S.G. and Armstrong, Richard A. (1994). Proteolytic activity amongst selected Saprolegnia species. Mycological Research, 98 (4), pp. 389-395.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1994). Dispersal of soredia from individual soralia of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. in a simple wind tunnel. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 34 (1), pp. 39-45.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1994). Neuropathological differences between areas B17 and B18: implications for visual evoked responses in Alzheimer's disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 5 (5), pp. 247-251.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1994). Quantitative differences in beta/A4 protein subtypes in the parahippocampal gyrus and frontal cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 5 (1), pp. 1-5.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Cairns, Nigel J.; Patel, R. and Lantos, Peter L. (1994). Relationships between beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposits and blood vessels in familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. IN: 91st Meeting of British Neuropathological Society. 1996-01-11 - 1996-01-12.

Winsper, S.J.; Armstrong, Richard A.; Pall, H.; Fuchs, D. and Blair, J.A. (1994). Serum neopterin levels and gallium transferrin binding in Parkinson's disease. IN: Brain Research Association Conference. 1994-04-11 - 1994-04-14.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1994). Spatial patterns of plaques and tangles in alzheimer’s disease:Reply to Dr. Dani. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 5 (1), p. 54.

1993

Degg, C.; Slaven, A. and Armstrong, Richard A. (1993). Chronotopographical analysis of the pattern onset visual evoked magnetic response (VEMR):Implications for waveform peak identification. Vision Research, 33 (17), pp. 2443-2446.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1993). Parkinson's disease Part 1: symptoms, diagnosis and changes in the brain. Optometry Today, 1993 (Octobe), pp. 19-20.

Hodgkins, Paul S.; Prasher, Vee; Farrar, Gill; Armstrong, Richard A.; Sturman, Steven; Corbett, John and Blair, John A. (1993). Reduced transferrin binding in Down syndrome:a route to senile plaque formation and dementia. NeuroReport, 5 (1), pp. 21-24.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1993). Is the clustering of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's patients related to the cells of origin of specific cortico-cortical projections? Neuroscience Letters, 160 (1), pp. 57-60.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Myers, D. and Smith, C.U.M. (1993). The spatial patterns of beta/A4 deposit subtypes in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathologica, 86 (1), pp. 36-41.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1993). Seasonal growth of foliose lichens in successive years in South Gwynedd, Wales. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 33 (2), pp. 225-232.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1993). Ophthalmological manifestations of multiple sclerosis. Optometry Today, 1993 (Februa), pp. 32-34.

Bedford, J.L.; Degg, C. and Armstrong, Richard A. (1993). Distributed source analysis of the pattern onset visual evoked magnetic response. IN: International Conference on Biomagnetism. 1993-01-01 - 1993-01-01. (Unpublished)

Armstrong, Richard A. (1993). Radial growth and carbohydrate levels in the lichen Parmelia conspersa on north and south facing rock surfaces. Symbiosis, 15 (1-2), pp. 27-49.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1993). Relationships between morphological types of plaque in Alzheimer’s disease as revealed in silver and immunostained preparations. Experimental Neurology, 2 , pp. 259-266.

Cattell, R.J.; Prasher, Vee; Armstrong, Richard A. and Blair, J.A. (1993). Tetrahydrobiopterin in Down's syndrome. IN: 12th International Winter Workshop on Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Pteridines. 1993-02-01. (Unpublished)

Hodgkins, Paul S.; Blair, J.A. and Armstrong, Richard A. (1993). The case for aluminium as the neurotoxin in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. IN: 12th International Winter Workshop on Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Pteridines. 1993-02-01. (Unpublished)

Armstrong, Richard A.; Myers, D. and Smith, C.U.M. (1993). The density of mature beta/A4 deposits is enhanced in Alzheimer's disease cases with pronounced congophilic angiopathy. IN: Brain Research Association Conference. 1993-04-01. (Unpublished)

Armstrong, Richard A.; Myers, D. and Smith, C.U.M. (1993). The spatial patterns of plaques and tangles in Alzheimer's disease do not support the 'Cascade Hypothesis'. Parkinson/Alzheimer Digest, 6 , pp. 23-24.

1992

Degg, Christopher; Slaven, Antoinette and Armstrong, Richard A. (1992). Topographic mapping and source localization of the pattern onset visual evoked magnetic response. Brain Topography, 5 (1), pp. 11-16.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1992). A comparison of the growth curves of the foliose lichen Parmelia conspersa determined by a cross-sectional study and by direct measurement. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 32 (3), pp. 221-227.

Harding, G.F.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Janday, B. (1992). Visual evoked electrical and magnetic response to half-field stimulation using pattern reversal stimulation. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 12 (2), pp. 171-174.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Myers, D. and Smith, C.U.M. (1992). Alzheimer's disease: Size class frequency distributions of senile plaques: Do they indicate when a brain tissue was affected? Parkinson/Alzheimer Digest , pp. 24-25.

Syed, Anila B.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, Christopher U.M. (1992). Large diameter optic nerve axon fibres in Alzheimer's disease. IN: Meeting of the Society for Experimental Optometry. 1992-07-01. (Unpublished)

Armstrong, Richard A.; Myers, D. and Smith, C.U.M. (1992). Principal components analysis of Alzheimer's disease based on neuropathological data: a study of 79 patients. IN: 9th International Meeting of the Brain Research Association. 1992-01-01 - 1992-01-01.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1992). Principal components analysis of Alzheimer’s disease based on neuropathological data: A study of 79 patients. Neuroscience Research Communications, 11 (1), pp. 1-9.

Harding, G.F.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Janday, B.S. (1992). Visual evoked electrical and magnetic response to half-field stimulation using pattern reversal stimulation. IN: Meeting of the Society for Experimental Optometry. 1992-07-01.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Myers, David P.; Smith, C.U.M.; Cairns, Nigel J. and Luthert, P.J. (1992). The spatial pattern of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and A4 deposits in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience Research Communications, 10 (1), pp. 27-33.

1991

Armstrong, Richard A. (1991). Experimental studies of lobe growth in the lichen Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh. Ex Ach.) Ach. New Phytologist, 119 (2), pp. 315-319.

Harding, Graham F.A.; Janday, Bal and Armstrong, Richard A. (1991). Topographic mapping and source localization of the pattern reversal visual evoked magnetic response. Brain Topography, 4 (1), pp. 47-55.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1991). The influence of climate on the dispersal of lichen soredia. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 31 (2), pp. 239-245.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1991). Competitive interactions between four foliose lichens on north and south facing rock surfaces. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 31 (1), pp. 51-58.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Slaven, A. and Harding, G.F. (1991). The influence of age on the pattern and flash visual evoked magnetic response (VEMR). Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 11 (1), pp. 71-75.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Myers, D. and Smith, C.U.M. (1991). Distribution of A4 protein and neurofibrillary change in the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease. IN: 8th International Meeting of the Brain Research Association. 1992-01-01 - 1992-01-01.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Slaven, A. and Harding, G.F. (1991). Normative data for two visually evoked magnetic components. IN: 8th International Biomagnetism Conference. 1991-08-19 - 1991-08-24. (Unpublished)

Harding, G.F.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Janday, B. (1991). Topographic study of the visual evoked magnetic response. IN: 8th International Biomagnetism Conference. 1991-08-19 - 1991-08-24. (Unpublished)

Slaven, A.; Degg, C. and Armstrong, Richard A. (1991). Topography of visual evoked magnetic responses to pattern shift, pattern onset and flash stimuli. IN: Meeting of the Society for Experimental Optometry. 1991-07-01.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Slaven, A. and Harding, G.F. (1991). Visual evoked magnetic fields to flash and pattern in 100 normal subjects. Vision Research, 31 (11), pp. 1859-1864.

Cox, J.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Blair, J.A. (1991). The influence of 2,4-Diamno-6-Hydroxypyrimidine and food retriction on tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism, neurotransmitters and behaviour. Pteridines, 3 , pp. 185-189.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1991). The relationship between senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid (A4) deposits in Alzheimer’s disease: A Principal Components Analysis. Neuroscience Research Communications, 9 (2), pp. 91-97.

Degg, C.; Armstrong, Richard A.; Slaven, A. and Harding, G.F. (1991). The visual evoked magnetic response to a pattern onset stimulus. IN: 8th International Biomagnetism Conference. 1991-08-19 - 1991-08-24. (Unpublished)

1990

Armstrong, Richard A.; Janday, B.; Slaven, A. and Harding, G.F. (1990). The use of flash and pattern evoked fields in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. IN: Advances in Biomagnetism: 7th International Conference Proceedings. Williamson, Samuel J. and Hoke, Manfried (eds) International Conference on Biomagnetism: Proceedings . Springer.

Smith, S.N.; Ince, E. and Armstrong, Richard A. (1990). Effect of osmotic and matrix potential on Saprolegnia diclina and S. ferax. Mycological Research, 94 (1), pp. 71-77.

Myers, D.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, C.U.M. (1990). Neurohistological consequences of a long-term diet enriched in Aluminium and reduced inCa2+ and Mg2+. IN: 7th International Meeting of the Brain Research Association. 1990-01-01 - 1990-01-01.

Armstrong, Richard A.; Nochlin, D.; Sumi, S.M. and Alvord, E.C. (1990). Neuropathological changes in the visual cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience Research Communications, 6 (3), pp. 163-171.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1990). The relationship between the spatial pattern of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience Research Communications, 7 (2), pp. 105-111.

1989

Armstrong, Richard A. and Janday, B. (1989). A brief review of magnetic fields from the human visual system. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 9 (3), pp. 299-301.

1988

Armstrong, Richard A. (1988). Substrate colonization, growth and competition. IN: Handbook of Lichenology. Galun, Margalith (ed.) CRC Press.

Myers, D.; Armstrong, Richard A.; Smith, C.U.M. and Carter, R.A. (1988). The spatial arrangement patterns of senile plaques in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). Neuroscience Research Communications, 2 (2), pp. 99-106.

1987

Armstrong, Richard A. (1987). Dispersal in a population of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 27 (3), pp. 357-363.

Jones, S.A.; Armstrong, Richard A.; Blair, J.A.; Leeming, R.J.; Chaudhry, C.; Swade, C. and Coppen, A. (1987). Tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). Biochemical Society Transactions, 15 (4), pp. 713-714.

1986

Armstrong, Richard A. (1986). Competition between three lichen species using a factorial experimental design. New Phytologist, 104 (4), pp. 637-641.

Anderson, J.M.; Hamon, C.G.B.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Blair, J.A. (1986). Studies on tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism in Down's syndrome. IN: Third International Down's Syndrome Congress. 1986-04-01. (Submitted)

Anderson, J.M.; Hamon, C.G.B.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Blair, J.A. (1986). Tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism in normal brain, senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and Down's syndrome. IN: Chemistry and Biology of Pteridines. Cooper, B.A. and Whitehead, V.M. (eds) Berlin (DE): Walter De Gruyter.

1985

Armstrong, Richard A. (1985). Field experiments on competition between three foliose lichens using the de Wit experimental design. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 25 (4), pp. 369-374.

1984

Smith, S.N.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Rimmer, J.J. (1984). Influence of environmental factors on zoospores of Saprolegnia diclina. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 82 (3), pp. 413-421.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1984). The influence of bird droppings and uric acid on the radial growth of five species of saxicolous lichens. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 24 (1), pp. 95-99.

1981

Armstrong, Richard A. (1981). Field experiments on the dispersal, establishment and colonization of lichens on a slate rock surface. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 21 (1), pp. 115-120.

Anderson, J.P.E.; Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, S.N. (1981). Methods to evaluate pesticide damage to the biomass of the soil microflora. Soil biology and biochemistry, 13 (2), pp. 149-153.

1977

Armstrong, Richard A. (1977). The response of lichen growth to additions of distilled water, rainwater and water from a rock surface. New Phytologist, 79 (2), pp. 373-376.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1977). The reponse of lichen growth to transplantation to rock surfaces of different aspect. New Phytologist, 78 (2), pp. 473-478.

1975

Armstrong, Richard A. (1975). The influence of aspect on the pattern of saesonal growth in the lichen Parmelia glabratula ssp. fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) Laund. New Phytologist, 75 (2), pp. 245-251.

1974

Armstrong, Richard A. (1974). Growth phases in the life of a lichen thallus. New Phytologist, 73 (5), pp. 913-918.

Armstrong, Richard A. (1974). The structure and dynamics of saxicolous lichen communities. UNSPECIFIED.

1973

Armstrong, Richard A. (1973). Seasonal growth and growth rate-colony size relationships in six species of saxicolous lichens. New Phytologist, 72 (5), pp. 1023-1030.