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Armstrong, Richard A, McKee, Ann C., Stein, Thor D., Alvarez, Victor E. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2019). Cortical degeneration in chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change. Neurological Sciences, 40 (3), 529–533.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2018). A comparison of the spatial patterns of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in five neurodegenerative disorders. Folia Neuropathologica, 56 (4), pp. 284-292.

Armstrong, Richard A (2018). Visual problems associated with traumatic brain injury:Vision with traumatic brain injury. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 101 (6), pp. 716-726.

Armstrong, Richard A (2018). Spatial patterns of the tau-immunoreactive inclusions in eight different tauopathies are consistent with the spread of pathogenic tau. European Medical Journal Neurology, 6 (1), pp. 86-94.

Armstrong, Richard A (2018). The quantitative analysis of neurodegenerative disease:Classification, noda, constellations, and multivariate geometry. Folia Neuropathologica, 56 (1), pp. 1-13.

Armstrong, Richard A (2018). A comparison of visual problems in the parkinsonian syndromes. Internal Medicine review, 4 (3),

Zeri, Fabrizio, Pitzalis, Sabrina, Di Vizio, Assunta, Ruffinatto, Tiziana, Egizi, Fabrizio, Di Russo, Francesco, Armstrong, Richard and Naroo, Shehzad A. (2018). Refractive error and vision correction in a general sports-playing population. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 101 (2), pp. 225-236.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2017). Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in tau, TDP-43, and FUS molecular subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration share similar spatial patterns. Folia Neuropathologica, 55 (3), pp. 185-192.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2017). Recommendations for analysis of repeated-measures designs:testing and correcting for sphericity and use of manova and mixed model analysis. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 37 (5), pp. 585-593.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2017). Laminar degeneration of frontal and temporal cortex in Parkinson disease dementia. Neurological Sciences, 38 (4), 667–671.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2017). Evidence from spatial pattern analysis for the anatomical spread of α-synuclein pathology in Parkinson's disease dementia. Folia Neuropathologica, 55 (1), pp. 23-30.

Armstrong, R.A., McKee, A.C., Stein, T.D., Alvarez, V.E. and Cairns, N.J. (2017). A quantitative study of tau pathology in eleven cases of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 43 (2), pp. 154-166.

Armstrong, Richard A., McKee, Ann C., Alvarez, Victor E. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2017). Clustering of tau-immunoreactive pathology in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Journal of Neural Transmission, 124 (2), pp. 185-192.

Armstrong, Richard A., McKee, Ann C. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2017). Pathology of the superior colliculus in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Optometry and Vision Science, 94 (1), pp. 33-42.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2016). Visual signs and symptoms of corticobasal degeneration. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 99 (6), pp. 498-506.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2016). Lichenometric dating (lichenometry) and the biology of the lichen genus rhizocarpon:challenges and future directions. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, 98 (3), pp. 183-206.

Rushton, Rebecca M., Armstrong, Richard A. and Dunne, Mark C.M. (2016). The influence on unaided vision of age, pupil diameter and spherocylindrical refractive error. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 99 (4), pp. 328-335.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2016). Can neurodegenerative disease be defined by four 'primary determinants':anatomy, cells, molecules, and morphology? Folia Neuropathologica, 54 (2), pp. 89-104.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2016). Survival in the pre-senile dementia frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 proteinopathy:effects of genetic, demographic and neuropathological variables. Folia Neuropathologica, 54 (2), pp. 137-148.

Armstrong, R.A. (2015). Oculo-visual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Parkinson's Disease, 5 (4), pp. 715-726.

Armstrong, Richard and Kergoat, Hélène (2015). Oculo-visual changes and clinical considerations affecting older patients with dementia. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 35 (4), pp. 352-376.

Armstrong, R.A. and Bradwell, T. (2015). 'Growth rings' in crustose lichens:comparison with directly measured growth rates and implications for lichenometry. Quaternary Geochronology, 28 , pp. 88-95.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2015). Quantitative pathological changes in the cerebellum of multiple system atrophy. Folia Neuropathologica, 53 (3), pp. 193-202.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2015). Laminar distribution of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide deposits in the frontal lobe in familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 53 (1), pp. 15-23.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2015). Comparative quantitative study of ‘signature’ pathological lesions in the hippocampus and adjacent gyri of 12 neurodegenerative disorders. Journal of Neural Transmission, 122 (10), pp. 1355-1367.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2014). Visual signs and symptoms of multiple system atrophy. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 97 (6), pp. 483-491.

Robaszkiewicz, Agnieszka, Bartosz, Grzegorz, Pitt, Andrew R., Thakker, Alpesh, Armstrong, Richard A., Spickett, Corinne M. and Soszyński, Mirosław (2014). HOCl-modified phosphatidylcholines induce apoptosis and redox imbalance in HUVEC-ST cells. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 548 , pp. 1-10.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2014). A critical analysis of the 'amyloid cascade hypothesis'. Folia Neuropathologica, 52 (3), pp. 211-225.

Armstrong, R.A. (2014). Factors determining disease duration in Alzheimer's disease:a postmortem study of 103 cases using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox regression. BioMed Research International, 2014 ,

Armstrong, Richard A. (2013). Spatial relationships between diffuse prion protein deposits and neuronal perikarya in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 51 (1), pp. 18-25.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2013). What causes alzheimer's disease? Folia Neuropathologica, 51 (3), pp. 169-188.

Armstrong, R.A. (2013). Development of areolae and growth of the peripheral prothallus in the crustose lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum:an image analysis study. Symbiosis, 60 (1), pp. 7-15.

Armstrong, Richard (2013). Spatial patterns of phosphorylation-dependent TDP-43-immunoreactive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI) in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 proteinopathy (FTLD-TDP). Journal of Molecular BIochemistry, 2 (3), pp. 142-149.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2013). Statistical guidelines for the analysis of data obtained from one or both eyes. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 33 (1), pp. 7-14.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2013). Spatial patterns of the tau pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurological Sciences, 34 (3), pp. 337-344.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2012). Different molecular pathologies result in similar spatial patterns of cellular inclusions in neurodegenerative disease:a comparative study of eight disorders. Journal of Neural Transmission, 119 (12), pp. 1551-1560.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2012). Visual signs and symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 95 (6), pp. 621-630.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2012). β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in cognitively normal brain, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Alzheimer's disease:a study using principal components analysis. Folia Neuropathologica, 50 (2), pp. 130-139.

Armstrong, Richard A., Carter, D. and Cairns, N.J. (2012). A quantitative study of the neuropathology of 32 sporadic and familial cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 proteinopathy (FTLD-TDP). Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 38 (1), pp. 25-38.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2012). On the 'classification' of neurodegenerative disorders:discrete entities, overlap or continuum? Folia Neuropathologica, 50 (3), pp. 201-218.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2012). Size frequency distributions of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits:a comparative study of four neurodegenerative disorders. Folia Neuropathologica, 50 (3), pp. 240-249.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). Spatial patterns of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 49 (3), pp. 153-161.

Qin, Lu, Bartlett, Hannah E., Griffiths, Helen R., Eperjesi, Frank, Armstrong, Richard A. and Gherghel, Doina (2011). Macular pigment optical density is related to blood glutathione levels in healthy individuals. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 52 (9), pp. 5029-5033.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2011). Spatial patterns of TDP-43 neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI) in fifteen cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 proteinopathy (FTLD-TDP). Neurological Sciences, 32 (4), pp. 653-659.

Armstrong, Richard A., Davies, Leon N., Dunne, Mark C.M. and Gilmartin, Bernard (2011). Statistical guidelines for clinical studies of human vision. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 31 (2), pp. 123-136.

Armstrong, Richard A., Gearing, Marla, Bigio, Eileen H., Cruz-Sanchez, Felix F., Duyckaerts, Charles, Mackenzie, Ian R.A., Perry, Robert H., Skullerud, Kari, Yokoo, Hedeaki and Cairns, Nigel J. (2011). The spectrum and severity of FUS-immunoreactive inclusions in the frontal and temporal lobes of ten cases of neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease. Acta Neuropathologica, 121 (2), pp. 219-228.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Bradwell, Tom (2011). Growth of foliose lichens: a review. Symbiosis, 53 (1), pp. 1-16.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). Density and spatial pattern of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in corticobasal degeneration. Folia Neuropathologica, 49 (1), pp. 14-20.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). Laminar distribution of the pathological changes in sporadic and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Pathology Research International, 2011 , pp. 1-7.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). Visual symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's Disease, 2011 , 9 pages.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2011). The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: a reevaluation of the "amyloid cascade hypothesis". International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2011 ,

Armstrong, Richard A. and Bradwell, Tom (2010). Growth of crustose lichens: a review. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, 92 (1), pp. 3-17.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2010). Dispersion of prion protein deposits around blood vessels in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 48 (3), pp. 150-158.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Bradwell, Tom (2010). The use of lichen growth rings in lichenometry: some preliminary findings. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, 92 (1), pp. 141-147.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2010). A spatial pattern analysis of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 48 (2), pp. 67-74.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2010). Quantitative methods in neuropathology. Folia Neuropathologica, 48 (4), pp. 217-230.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2010). A spatial pattern analysis of beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposition in the temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 48 (2), pp. 67-74.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2009). The molecular biology of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 47 (4), pp. 289-99.

Armstrong, Richard A. and Cairns, Nigel J. (2009). Size frequency distribution of the β-amyloid (aβ) deposits in dementia with Lewy bodies with associated Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Neurological Sciences, 30 (6), pp. 471-477.

Hurrell, Edward, Kucerova, Eva, Loughlin, Michael, Caubilla-Barron, Juncal, Hilton, Anthony C., Armstrong, Richard A., Smith, Craig, Grant, Judith, Shoo, Shiu and Forsythe, Stephen (2009). Neonatal enteral feeding tubes as loci for colonisation by members of the Enterobacteriaceae. BMC Infectious Diseases, 9 (146),

Armstrong, Richard A. (2009). Monthly fluctuations in radial growth of individual lobes of the lichen Parmelia conspersa (Erhr. ex Ach.) Ach. Symbiosis, 47 (1), pp. 9-15.

Heitmar, Rebekka, Gherghel, Doina, Armstrong, Richard A., Cubbidge, Robert P and Hosking, Sarah (2008). The effect of voluntary fasting and dehydration on flicker-induced retinal vascular dilation in a healthy individual: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2 (153), pp. 1-7.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2008). Clustering and periodicity of neurofibrillary tangles in the upper and lower cortical laminae in Alzheimer's disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 46 (1), pp. 26-31.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2008). Spatial correlations between beta-amyloid (A beta) deposits and blood vessels in familial Alzheimer's disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 46 (4), pp. 241-248.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2007). Statnote 10: the two-way analysis of variance. Microbiologist, 2007 , pp. 41-42.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2007). Statnote 9: The one-way analysis of variance (random effects model). Microbiologist, 2007 , pp. 40-41.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2007). Neuropathological changes in striate and extrastriate visual cortex in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Clinical Ophthalmology, 1 (2), pp. 119-25.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2007). Statnote 8: statistical power and sample size. Microbiologist, 2007 , pp. 38-40.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2007). Size frequency distributions of abnormal protein deposits in Alzheimer’s disease and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 45 (3), pp. 108-114.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2006). Statnote 7: chi-square contingency tables. Microbiologist, 2006 , pp. 36-37.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2006). Classic beta-amyloid deposits cluster around large diameter blood vessels rather than capillaries in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Current Neurovascular Research, 3 (4), pp. 289-294.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2006). Statnote 6: post-hoc ANOVA tests. Microbiologist, 2006 , pp. 34-36.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2006). Statnote 5: Is one set of data more variable than another? Microbiologist, 2006 , pp. 34-36.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2006). Statnote 4: what if the data are not normal? Microbiologist, 2006 , pp. 34-37.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2006). Measuring the spatial arrangement patterns of pathological lesions in histological sections of brain tissue. Folia Neuropathologica, 44 (4), pp. 229-237.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2006). Seasonal growth of the crustose lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. in South Gwynedd, Wales. Symbiosis, 41 (2), pp. 97-102.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Statnote 3: testing the difference between two groups. Microbiologist, 2005 , pp. 30-32.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Radial growth of Rhizocarpon section Rhizocarpon lichen thalli over six years at snoqualmie pass in the Cascade Range, Washington State. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine research, 37 (4), pp. 411-415.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Statnote 2: describing the normal. Microbiologist, 2005 , pp. 30-33.

Hilton, Anthony and Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Statnote 1: is the data normal? Microbiologist, 2005 , pp. 34-35.

Armstrong, Richard A. (2005). Is there a spatial association between senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease? Folia Neuropathologica, 43 (3), pp. 133-138.

Syed, Anila B., Armstrong, Richard A. and Smith, Christopher U.M. (2005). A quantitative analysis of optic nerve axons in elderly control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Folia Neuropathologica, 43 (1), pp. 1-6.