Meta-analyses of cognitive functions in early-treated adults with phenylketonuria

Abstract

Our study estimated size of impairment for different cognitive functions in early-treated adults with PKU (AwPKU) by combining literature results in a meta-analytic way. We analysed a large set of functions (N=19), each probed by different measures (average=12). Data were extracted from 26 PKU groups and matched controls, with 757 AwPKU contributing 220 measures. Effect sizes (ESs) were computed using Glass' ∆ where differences in performance between clinical/PKU and control groups are standardized using the mean and standard deviation of the control groups. Significance was assessed using 'measures nested within independent PKU groups' as a random factor. The weighted Glass' ∆ was -.44 for all functions taken together, and -.60 for IQ, both highly significant. Separate, significant impairments were found for most functions, but with great variability (ESs from -1.02 to -.18). The most severe impairments were in reasoning, visual-spatial attention speed, sustained attention, visuo-motor control, and flexibility. Effect sizes were larger with speed than accuracy measures, and with visuo-spatial than verbal stimuli. Results show a specific PKU profile that needs consideration when monitoring the disease.

Publication DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104925
Divisions: College of Health & Life Sciences > School of Psychology
Additional Information: Copyright © 2022, The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Uncontrolled Keywords: PKU,Patterna of cognitive impairments,Metabolic disease,Executive functions,Memory,Language,Speed and accuracy,Verbal vs Visual
Publication ISSN: 1873-7528
Last Modified: 07 Oct 2024 07:40
Date Deposited: 10 Nov 2022 10:39
Full Text Link:
Related URLs: https://www.sci ... 4146?via%3Dihub (Publisher URL)
http://www.scop ... tnerID=8YFLogxK (Scopus URL)
PURE Output Type: Review article
Published Date: 2022-12
Published Online Date: 2022-10-22
Accepted Date: 2022-10-21
Authors: Romani, Cristina (ORCID Profile 0000-0002-5693-4131)
Olson, Andrew
Aitkenhead, Lynne
Baker, Lucy
Patel, Dhanesha
Spronsen, Francjan Van
MacDonald, Anita
Wegberg, Annemiek van
Huijbregts, Stephan

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