Strategies for Improving Problem Solving, Human Group Processes and Related Training

Abstract

The objectives of this research are: i) To develop problem-solving strategies to complement the Synectics technique, a range of problem-solving and related methods developed by Synectics Inc., U.S.A., and their international affiliates; ii) To identify and measure problem-solving styles (patterns of behaviour) of Synectics group members; iii) To identify and measure the interpersonal interactions within Synectics groups; iv) To develop training strategies to supplement existing Synectics training procedures. 2. Research Base: 6 five-day Synectics training courses were used to collect research data. These courses provided a principal sample of 98 Synectics sessions and 39 subjects. 3. Research Methods: Two research instruments were developed to measure the styles, group problem-solving competence, and interpersonal interactions. The instruments provide a basis for investigating problem-solving behaviour and human group processes, and for drawing together developments from applied psychology, problem-solving, and organisation theory. 4. Results: Using process, content, and factor analysis, 10 styles were identified. No one best style was found. Several style combinations were shown to be more effective than others. With continued practice, the 6 Synectics groups improved their problem-solving competence. Various problem-solving, communication, and associated training strategies are derived from the identified styles. 5. Conclusions: Style influences problem-solving effectiveness. To become effective and efficient problem solvers, individuals should develop a range of styles and a high level of competence. Effectiveness can be improved by achieving style matches between individuals. Style flexibility is necessary to attain style matches. 6. Contribution to Knowledge: It is claimed that the contribution to knowledge is: i) The design, development, and application of two research instruments, one of which employs closed circuit television in a specialised manner; ii) The identification and exploration of problem-solving styles, problem-solving competence, and interpersonal interactions within groups; iii) The identification and development of role strategies; iv) The development of a problem-solving handbook.