The future is built by all:unearthing barriers to women’s career progression and retention in the construction industry

Abstract

The construction industry remains fragmented and male-dominated, with research often overlooking women’s contributions and workplace experiences. This study examined the challenges and opportunities shaping female participation in the sector. Using a quantitative design, purposive sampling targeted experienced female construction professionals, generating 102 valid responses. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, mean ranking, exploratory factor analysis, and Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE). The findings reveal systemic challenges, including entrenched gender stereotypes, inadequate mentorship, exclusionary workplace policies, limited networking opportunities, and insufficient family-support structures. The FSE identified three dominant barrier clusters: safety, representation and discrimination; job security and physical health; and work–life balance and family support. Specific issues such as poor childcare provision and limited access to leadership pathways further constrain women’s progression and retention. Despite these barriers, women continue to influence organisational practices, highlighting opportunities for innovation, inclusive leadership, and sectoral transformation. This study offers an empirical examination of the barriers that hinder women’s career growth and long-term inclusion in Ghana’s construction sector. The research proposes a framework outlining the barriers, analytical process, and strategic interventions for women’s inclusion. The study calls for targeted interventions, inclusive workplace cultures, strengthened mentorship, and gender-responsive policies to make construction an equitable and attractive career path for women.