Cheung, Chi Lam, Yiu, Hei Hang Edmund, Chan, Frank Nim Kok, Cho, Tommy Lok Hei, Sun, Janet Hiu Tung, Lee, Marco Tsun, Lee, Tommy Ka Ho, Daphne Cheung, Gladys, Law, Kitty Kit Ki, Wong, Janet Kit Ting, Cheng, Franco Wing Tak, Lo, Leo Kin Yip, Yuen, William Ho Ching, Yuen, Reason Pui Yan, Chen, Timothy F, Yin Chan, Esther Wai, Kei Wong, Ian Chi, Ng, Vanessa Wai Sei and Wan, Eric Yuk Fai (2025). Translation and validation of the Pharmacy Services Questionnaire (PSQ) in a Chinese population. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 18 (1),
Abstract
BackgroundThe Pharmacy Services Questionnaire (PSQ) was developed to measure patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care. However, it has not been translated into Cantonese-Chinese and validated in the Hong Kong population. To develop and validate a Cantonese-Chinese-translated PSQ among native Chinese patients who have used pharmacy services at community pharmacies in Hong Kong.MethodsThe PSQ was developed and translated into Cantonese-Chinese using iterative forward-backwards translation. Subjects were recruited by convenience sampling at three community pharmacies. Internal consistency, construct validity, discriminant validity, known-group comparison and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed to confirm that the Cantonese-Chinese-translated PSQ is a valid measure of its intended constructs. Qualitative think-aloud interviews were carried out to test for comprehension and content validity. The subjects' views and interpretation of each questionnaire item were also explored to determine the relevance, comprehensiveness, and adequacy of the response options.ResultsA total of 236 adult subjects were recruited to complete the Cantonese-Chinese PSQ and the Chinese 5-Level EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D-5L HK) questionnaire. Additionally, think-aloud interviews were carried out with 15 subjects. Most subjects were able to understand and interpret the Cantonese-Chinese PSQ with relative ease. The internal consistency of Cantonese-Chinese PSQ was excellent (Cronbach's α > 0.96) for the full-scale, Friendly explanation (FE) subscale and Managing therapy (MT) subscale. CFA confirmed the hypothesised two-factor structure of the Cantonese-Chinese PSQ. Individuals with higher education levels showed statistically significantly higher satisfaction levels in the overall PSQ score and MT scale score compared to those with lower levels of education. Additionally, there was no statistically significant correlation between the Cantonese-Chinese PSQ and EQ-5D-5L HK scores, demonstrating discriminant validity.ConclusionThe Cantonese-Chinese translation of the PSQ is a validated, reliable, and semantically equivalent instrument used to assess satisfaction towards services provided by community pharmacies.
Publication DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1080/20523211.2025.2527409 |
---|---|
Divisions: | College of Health & Life Sciences > Aston Pharmacy School Aston University (General) |
Funding Information: | This work was supported by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust. |
Additional Information: | Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent. |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Translation,Validation,Questionnaire,Satisfaction,Community Pharmacy |
Publication ISSN: | 2052-3211 |
Last Modified: | 31 Jul 2025 07:25 |
Date Deposited: | 30 Jul 2025 10:23 |
Full Text Link: | |
Related URLs: |
https://www.tan ... 11.2025.2527409
(Publisher URL) |
PURE Output Type: | Article |
Published Date: | 2025-07-17 |
Published Online Date: | 2025-07-17 |
Accepted Date: | 2025-06-25 |
Authors: |
Cheung, Chi Lam
Yiu, Hei Hang Edmund Chan, Frank Nim Kok Cho, Tommy Lok Hei Sun, Janet Hiu Tung Lee, Marco Tsun Lee, Tommy Ka Ho Daphne Cheung, Gladys Law, Kitty Kit Ki Wong, Janet Kit Ting Cheng, Franco Wing Tak Lo, Leo Kin Yip Yuen, William Ho Ching Yuen, Reason Pui Yan Chen, Timothy F Yin Chan, Esther Wai Kei Wong, Ian Chi ( ![]() Ng, Vanessa Wai Sei Wan, Eric Yuk Fai |