Laser-generated singlet oxygen is protective against beta-amyloid neurotoxicity

Abstract

β-Amyloid is the peptide which forms extracellular senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Link of the β-amyloid to inherited form of Alzheimer's disease and neurotoxicity of aggregated peptide has been suggested to the involvement of β-amyloid in the mechanism of pathology of this devastating disease. The toxicity of aggregated β-amyloid is triggered by changes in calcium signal, mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Laser (1267 nm)-induced singlet oxygen is shown to be able to modify proteins and accelerate energy metabolism that potentially may modify the effects of β-amyloid. Using primary co-culture of neurons and astrocytes we studied the effect of laser-generated singlet oxygen on β-amyloid-induced calcium signal, mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative stress. We have found that singlet oxygen prevents aggregation of the full peptide βA 1–42, reduces the effect of β-amyloid on cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium elevation, reduces mitochondrial depolarization and depletion of NADH in mitochondria. As result it protected neurons and astrocytes against β-amyloid-induced cell death. Thus, singlet oxygen could play neuroprotective role.