Lee, Kyung Jin, Wei, Yue, Leung, Shek-Ming, Huang, Caige, Yiu, Hei Hang Edmund, Deng, Eunice Kehui, Castle, David J, Lui, Simon S Y, Wong, Vincent K C, Wong, Ian C K and Chan, Esther W (2025). A decade of Benzodiazepine and Z-drug use in Hong Kong: a longitudinal study. The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 59 ,
Abstract
Background Concerns are growing about the long-term use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) and non-benzodiazepines (Z-drugs) due to adverse effects such as drug tolerance, dependence, cognitive dysfunction, and falls, particularly in the elderly. This study aims to understand thorough prescribing patterns of BZDs and Z-drugs across age groups in clinical settings of Hong Kong, especially the long-term prescriptions. Methods Using territory-wide electronic health record data from Hong Kong (2014-2023), we analysed the prevalence, incidence, and duration of BZD and Z-drug prescriptions in adults. Long-term use was defined as prescriptions exceeding 90 days. Joinpoint regression models assessed trend changes, focusing on four age groups: 18-25, 26-49, 50-64, and ≥65. Psychiatric diagnoses within 180 days before and after treatment initiation were also evaluated. Findings Patients with BZD and Z-drug prescribing increased from 2014 to 2023, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 3.44 [95% CI: 3.26-3.61] in prevalence and 1.51 [0.64-2.45] in incidence. Trends varied by age: the sharpest increases were observed in young adults aged 18-25 (prevalence AAPC: 9.43 [8.36-10.51]; incidence AAPC: 7.56 [6.19-8.89]), whereas the incidence in those aged ≥65 declined after 2019, although it remained the highest. Prevalence of patients with long-term prescribing rose consistently, particularly in young adults (BZD AAPC: 13.43 [11.98-14.62]; Z-drug AAPC: 12.88 [7.85-18.24]). Depression and dementia were the most common psychiatric diagnoses within 180 days before and after treatment initiation. Interpretation These findings highlight the need to review long-term prescribing practices and establish clear guidelines for safe BZD and Z-drug use, especially among young adults.
Publication DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2025.101591 |
---|---|
Divisions: | College of Health & Life Sciences > Aston Pharmacy School Aston University (General) |
Additional Information: | Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Benzodiazepine,Electronic Health Records,Long-term Use,Z-drug,Prescribing Trend |
Publication ISSN: | 2666-6065 |
Last Modified: | 03 Jul 2025 07:15 |
Date Deposited: | 02 Jul 2025 09:15 |
Full Text Link: | |
Related URLs: |
https://www.the ... 0128-2/fulltext
(Publisher URL) |
PURE Output Type: | Article |
Published Date: | 2025-06-10 |
Accepted Date: | 2025-05-22 |
Authors: |
Lee, Kyung Jin
Wei, Yue Leung, Shek-Ming Huang, Caige Yiu, Hei Hang Edmund Deng, Eunice Kehui Castle, David J Lui, Simon S Y Wong, Vincent K C Wong, Ian C K ( ![]() Chan, Esther W |