Renewable-driven hybrid refrigeration system for enhancing food preservation: Techno-economic optimization and business modelling

Abstract

This study develops and optimises a renewable-driven hybrid refrigeration system to enhance food preservation in off-grid rural areas. The system integrates solar photovoltaic, solar thermal collectors, wind energy, and battery storage to provide a sustainable, cost-effective cooling solution. A comprehensive techno-economic analysis was conducted using Ethiopia as a case study to evaluate system performance, cost-effectiveness, and market feasibility. The optimised system meets 22.42 kW of thermal power demand and 2.82 kW of electrical power demand, reducing daily operational costs from $100 to $86.2. Optimisation improved system efficiency by increasing photovoltaic panels to 15, reducing battery storage from 11 to 7 units, and optimising solar collector area to 322 m2. The length of underground thermal storage piping was reduced to 1366 m, enhancing thermal efficiency. The system achieved near off-grid operation, with grid dependency reduced from 9.3 W to 3.2 W and auxiliary heater reliance below 1 % of total demand. A business model incorporating subscription-based and lease-to-buy financing supports adoption by smallholder farmers and cooperatives, with a five-year payback period. Survey results indicate that 90 % of farmers lack cooling facilities, while 48 % of cooperatives favour government incentives. The system’s environmental benefits include zero on-site (operational) CO2 emissions and eco-friendly refrigerants. This research demonstrates the feasibility of hybrid renewable energy integration in sustainable cold storage, reducing post-harvest losses and enhancing food supply chains in off-grid communities. Sensitivity analysis against inter-annual resource variability and ± 20 % capital-cost dispersion confirms the robustness of the optimised configuration.

Publication DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120100
Divisions: College of Engineering & Physical Sciences > School of Engineering and Technology > Mechanical, Biomedical & Design
College of Engineering & Physical Sciences
College of Business and Social Sciences > Aston Business School
College of Business and Social Sciences
College of Business and Social Sciences > Aston Business School > Cyber Security Innovation (CSI) Research Centre
Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the support from Energy Catalyst Research fund “10040674: Off-grid modular cold rooms and pre-coolers for remote and dry areas in Ethiopia” under Ayrton programme and the technical support from Kinder Energy Ltd.
Additional Information: Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Uncontrolled Keywords: Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems,Off-grid Refrigeration,Techno-economic Optimisation,Sustainable Food Supply Chains,Agricultural Cold Storage
Publication ISSN: 1879-2227
Last Modified: 26 Jun 2025 07:12
Date Deposited: 25 Jun 2025 15:01
Full Text Link:
Related URLs: https://linking ... 196890425006247 (Publisher URL)
PURE Output Type: Article
Published Date: 2025-10-15
Published Online Date: 2025-06-25
Accepted Date: 2025-06-17
Authors: Baniasadi, Ehsan
Rezk, Ahmed (ORCID Profile 0000-0002-1329-4146)
Batista, Luciano (ORCID Profile 0000-0002-0367-2975)
Tola, Tetenayet Bekele
Alaswad, Abed (ORCID Profile 0000-0002-7828-7924)

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