Mallen, Elliot and Najdanovic-Visak, Vesna (2018). Brewers' spent grains: Drying kinetics and biodiesel production. Bioresource Technology Reports, 1 , pp. 16-23.
Abstract
Enormous amounts of brewers' spent grains (BSGs) per year are generated to produce bear worldwide. BSGs can be used as a carbon source, biofuel to generate energy and as a source of biogas. Typically, BSGs contain >60 mass% of water and, therefore, drying kinetics is a paramount for the development of any of these valorisation processes. In this work, we reveal the main parameters and mechanism of drying kinetics of BSGs at isothermal conditions (60 °C–90 °C), measured by thermogravimetric analysis. Diffusion coefficients ranged from 1.42 × 10−9 m2 s−1 to 2.67 × 10−9 m2 s−1 while the activation energy was 26.6 kJ mol−1. Furthermore, for the first time, biodiesel production from BSGs is reported. We employed acid catalysed in situ transesterification process, at different catalyst concentrations, methanol to BSGs ratios, reaction time and temperature. The outcomes of our study show promise for alternative valorisation of brewers' spent grains, an abundant waste spread around the world.
Publication DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2018.01.005 |
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Divisions: | College of Engineering & Physical Sciences > School of Infrastructure and Sustainable Engineering > Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry College of Engineering & Physical Sciences |
Additional Information: | © 2018, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
Last Modified: | 28 Nov 2024 17:02 |
Date Deposited: | 31 Oct 2019 13:09 |
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https://www.sci ... 0057?via%3Dihub
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PURE Output Type: | Article |
Published Date: | 2018-03-01 |
Published Online Date: | 2018-01-31 |
Accepted Date: | 2018-01-22 |
Authors: |
Mallen, Elliot
Najdanovic-Visak, Vesna ( 0000-0002-1035-0982) |
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