Modelling a silent epidemic:A review of the in vitro models of latent tuberculosis

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is the primary cause of death by a single infectious agent; responsible for around two million deaths in 2016. A major virulence factor of TB is the ability to enter a latent or Non-Replicating Persistent (NRP) state which is presumed untreatable. Approximately 1.7 billion people are latently infected with TB and on reactivation many of these infections are drug resistant. As the current treatment is ineffective and diagnosis remains poor, millions of people have the potential to reactivate into active TB disease. The immune system seeks to control the TB infection by containing the bacteria in a granuloma, where it is exposed to stressful anaerobic and nutrient deprived conditions. It is thought to be these environmental conditions that trigger the NRP state. A number of in vitro models have been developed that mimic conditions within the granuloma to a lesser or greater extent. These different models have all been utilised for the research of different characteristics of NRP Mycobacterium tuberculosis, however their disparity in approach and physiological relevance often results in inconsistencies and a lack of consensus between studies. This review provides a summation of the different NRP models and a critical analysis of their respective advantages and disadvantages relating to their physiological relevance.

Publication DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens7040088
Divisions: College of Health & Life Sciences > School of Biosciences
College of Health & Life Sciences
College of Health & Life Sciences > School of Biosciences > Cell & Tissue Biomedical Research
Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the Academy of Medical Sciences and Global Challenges Research Fund with a Springboard Grant (SBF003\1088:). Acknowledgments: J.A.G.C. is grateful to the Academy of Medical Sciences and Global Challenges Research Fund
Additional Information: © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Uncontrolled Keywords: Antibiotic,Drug discovery,Latency,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Non-replicating persistent,Tuberculosis,Immunology and Allergy,Molecular Biology,General Immunology and Microbiology,Microbiology (medical),Infectious Diseases
Publication ISSN: 1553-7374
Last Modified: 30 Sep 2024 11:45
Date Deposited: 10 Dec 2018 09:11
Full Text Link:
Related URLs: http://www.scop ... tnerID=8YFLogxK (Scopus URL)
https://www.mdp ... 076-0817/7/4/88 (Publisher URL)
PURE Output Type: Review article
Published Date: 2018-11-15
Accepted Date: 2018-11-13
Authors: Gibson, Savannah E.R.
Harrison, James
Cox, Jonathan A.G. (ORCID Profile 0000-0001-5208-4056)

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