Hard, soft, smart? North Korea and power:it’s all relative

Abstract

North Korea is notable for its isolation, yet the Korean Central News Agency’s daily editions are filled with articles outlining international admiration for Pyongyang and its leader. Is Pyongyang actively promoting soft power as an integral part of not only its survival, but its development strategy? While scholarship on North Korea tends to focus on Pyongyang’s “high profile” relations with China or Russia (Shambaugh 2003, McCormack 2004, Wu 2005) or with nations seeking to cooperate on weapons of mass destruction (Henriksen 2001), little attention has been paid to how the DPRK engages in seemingly peaceful ways with the world. This article examines the notion of hard, soft, smart and other power declensions, and applies a soft-power framework to investigate DPRK rhetoric and the development of partnerships with both states and non-state actors. It suggests that the DPRK has long pursued a strategy of diplomatic diversification, which includes a more sophisticated understanding of power than previously considered in the literature.

Publication DOI: https://doi.org/10.16934/isr.18.1.201706.131
Divisions: College of Business and Social Sciences > School of Social Sciences & Humanities > Politics, History and International Relations
College of Business and Social Sciences > School of Social Sciences & Humanities > Aston Centre for Europe
Additional Information: © AISR. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0)
Publication ISSN: 1226-8240
Last Modified: 05 Feb 2024 08:23
Date Deposited: 31 Jul 2017 10:25
Full Text Link:
Related URLs: https://www.kci ... id=ART002231022 (Publisher URL)
PURE Output Type: Article
Published Date: 2017-06-01
Accepted Date: 2017-05-20
Submitted Date: 2017-03-14
Authors: Grzelczyk, Virginie (ORCID Profile 0000-0001-9802-7161)

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