Bilkhu, Paramdeep, Wolffsohn, James S., Hilton, Anthony, Matthews, Gabrielle, Legood, Simon and Riley, Liam (2016). Microwave decontamination of eyelid warming devices for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 39 (4), 293–297.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The role of bacteria in meibomian gland dysfunction is unclear, yet contamination of compresses used as treatment may exacerbate this condition. This study therefore determined the effect of heating on bacteria on two forms of compress. METHODS: Cotton flannels and MGDRx EyeBags (eyebags) were inoculated by adding experimental inoculum (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; one species for each set of 3 eyebags and flannels). One of each were then randomised in to 3 groups: no heating (control); therapeutic (47.4±0.7°C); or sanitisation (68±1.1°C). After treatment, bacteria cell numbers were calculated. The experiment was repeated in triplicate. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between each treatment with the eyebag for S. aureus (control=7.15±0.11logC/ml, therapeutic heating=5.24±0.59logC/ml, sanitisation heating=3.48±1.43logC/ml; P<0.001) and S. pyogenes (7.36±0.13, 5.73±0.26, 4.75±0.54; P<0.001). P. aeruginosa also showed a significant reduction (P<0.001) from control (6.39±0.34) to therapeutic (0.33±0.26) and sanitisation (0.33±0.21), but the latter were similar (P=1.000). For the flannels, there was significant difference between each treatment for S. aureus (6.89±0.46, 3.96±1.76, 0.42±0.90; P<0.001). For S. pyogenes, there was a significant reduction (P<0.001) from control (7.51±0.10) to therapeutic (5.91±0.62) and sanitisation (5.18±0.8), but the latter were similar (P=0.07). For P. aeruginosa, there was a significant difference (P<0.001) from control (7.15±0.36) to sanitisation (5.83±0.44); but not to therapeutic (6.84±0.31) temperatures (P=0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic heating produces a significant reduction in bacteria on the eyebags, but only sanitisation heating appears effective for flannels. However, patients should be advised to heat the eyebag to sanitisation temperatures on initial use.
Publication DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2015.12.001 |
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Divisions: | College of Health & Life Sciences > School of Optometry > Optometry College of Health & Life Sciences > School of Optometry > Optometry & Vision Science Research Group (OVSRG) College of Health & Life Sciences College of Health & Life Sciences > School of Optometry > Vision, Hearing and Language College of Health & Life Sciences > Chronic and Communicable Conditions College of Health & Life Sciences > School of Biosciences College of Health & Life Sciences > School of Biosciences > Cell & Tissue Biomedical Research |
Additional Information: | © 2015, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | meibomian gland dysfunction,bacteria,decontamination,microwave,warm compress,eyebag,Ophthalmology,Optometry |
Publication ISSN: | 1476-5411 |
Last Modified: | 30 Sep 2024 10:45 |
Date Deposited: | 11 Jan 2016 14:25 |
Full Text Link: | |
Related URLs: |
http://www.scop ... tnerID=8YFLogxK
(Scopus URL) |
PURE Output Type: | Article |
Published Date: | 2016-08 |
Published Online Date: | 2015-12-28 |
Accepted Date: | 2015-12-10 |
Submitted Date: | 2015-10-09 |
Authors: |
Bilkhu, Paramdeep
(
0000-0003-3640-7681)
Wolffsohn, James S. ( 0000-0003-4673-8927) Hilton, Anthony ( 0000-0001-8025-5270) Matthews, Gabrielle Legood, Simon Riley, Liam |