Phenobarbital for neonatal seizures:response rate and predictors of refractoriness

Abstract

Background : Phenobarbital is the first-line choice for neonatal seizures treatment, despite a response rate of approximately 45%. Failure to respond to acute anticonvulsants is associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome, but knowledge on predictors of refractoriness is limited. Objective : To quantify response rate to phenobarbital and to establish variables predictive of its lack of efficacy. Methods : We retrospectively evaluated newborns with electrographically confirmed neonatal seizures admitted between January 1999 and December 2012 to the neonatal intensive care unit of Parma University Hospital (Italy), excluding neonates with status epilepticus. Response was categorized as complete (cessation of clinical and electrographic seizures after phenobarbital administration), partial (reduction but not cessation of electrographic seizures with the first bolus, response to the second bolus), or absent (no response after the second bolus). Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent predictors of refractoriness. Results : Out of 91 newborns receiving phenobarbital, 57 (62.6%) responded completely, 15 (16.5%) partially, and 19 (20.9%) did not respond. Seizure type (p = 0.02), background electroencephalogram (EEG; p ≤ 0.005), and neurologic examination (p ≤ 0.005) correlated with response to phenobarbital. However, EEG (p ≤ 0.02) and seizure type (p ≤ 0.001) were the only independent predictors. Conclusion : Our results suggest a prominent role of neurophysiological variables (background EEG and electrographic-only seizure type) in predicting the absence of response to phenobarbital in high-risk newborns.

Publication DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586214
Divisions: College of Health & Life Sciences > School of Psychology
College of Health & Life Sciences
College of Health & Life Sciences > Clinical and Systems Neuroscience
College of Health & Life Sciences > Aston Institute of Health & Neurodevelopment (AIHN)
Uncontrolled Keywords: neonatal seizures,newborns,outcome,phenobarbital,predictors of refractoriness,therapy,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health,Clinical Neurology
Publication ISSN: 1439-1899
Last Modified: 18 Mar 2024 08:18
Date Deposited: 18 Aug 2016 13:40
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Related URLs: http://www.scop ... tnerID=8YFLogxK (Scopus URL)
PURE Output Type: Article
Published Date: 2016-10
Published Online Date: 2016-07-26
Accepted Date: 2016-05-31
Submitted Date: 2015-08-10
Authors: Spagnoli, Carlotta
Seri, Stefano (ORCID Profile 0000-0002-9247-8102)
Pavlidis, Elena
Mazzotta, Silvia
Pelosi, Annalisa
Pisani, Francesco

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